PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF BLINDNESS AND LOW VISION IN HINDI || अंधेपन और कम दृष्टि के मनोवैज्ञानिक-शैक्षिक प्रभाव : D.Ed. Special Education

Psycho-Educational Implications of

Blindness & Low Vision

अंधेपन और कम दृष्टि के मनोवैज्ञानिक-शैक्षिक प्रभाव

📘 Course Overview

This course equips teacher trainees with the foundational knowledge of ocular anatomy, the psycho-social dimensions of visual impairment, and practical instructional strategies for children who are blind or have low vision. It spans five units — from physiology to management of children with multiple disabilities.

BlindnessLow VisionSpecial EducationVIADD.Ed. Programme

Learning Outcomes

1

Describe the structure and functions of the human eye and identify common eye diseases and their implications.

2

Discuss the implications of blindness and low vision on overall child development — motor, cognitive, language, and socio-emotional.

3

Demonstrate skills required for teaching the expanded core curriculum to children with blindness and low vision.

4

Discuss the change in societal attitude toward persons with blindness and low vision.

5

Acquire competencies to recognize special needs of children with VIAD and demonstrate appropriate interventions.

Course Content

Unit-wise Syllabus

UNIT 1

Anatomy and Physiology of Human Eyeमानव नेत्र की संरचना और शरीरक्रिया विज्ञान

• 1.1Structure of the Human EyeCornea · Lens · Retina · Iris · Sclera · Vitreous Humor
• 1.2Physiology of VisionLight pathway · Rod & Cone cells · Optic nerve · Visual cortex processing
• 1.3Refraction and Refractive ErrorsMyopia · Hyperopia · Astigmatism · Presbyopia
• 1.4Common Eye Diseases and their Implications
  ConjunctivitisAmblyopiaNystagmusStrabismusExophthalmiaCorneal UlcerKeratoconusCataractAphakiaGlaucomaAlbinismMacular DegenerationRetinitis PigmentosaRetinopathy of PrematurityRetinal DetachmentTrachomaOptic Atrophy
• 1.5Prevention of Blindness and Eye CareNPCB · Vision 2020 · Eye screening programmes · Nutritional factors

UNIT 2

Effects of Blindness and Low Visionअंधेपन और कम दृष्टि के प्रभाव

🔵 Also covers: Myths and Stereotypes about persons with blindness and low vision

• 2.1Limitations imposed by Blindness and Low VisionMobility restrictions · Social barriers · Information access limitations
• 2.2Psycho-social Implications of Blindness and Low VisionSelf-concept · Emotional development · Social integration challenges
• 2.3Effect of Congenital and Adventitious Blindness on DevelopmentMotor development · Cognitive development · Language acquisition · Socio-emotional growth
• 2.4Attitude of Family and CommunityParental responses · Community support · Acceptance and integration
• 2.5Myths and Stereotypes about Blindness and Low VisionCommon misconceptions · Disability vs. inability · Challenging prejudices

UNIT 3

Educational Perspectives: Blindness and Low Visionदृष्टिबाधिता की शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण

• 3.1Aims and Objectives of EducationEducational goals for children with blindness and low vision
• 3.2Principles of TeachingTactile learning · Auditory emphasis · Multi-sensory approach · Individualized instruction
• 3.3Use of Residual Vision for Educational PurposesFunctional vision assessment · Optical aids · Classroom lighting and contrast
• 3.4Early Childhood Education — Need and ImportanceEarly intervention · Developmental milestones · Parent training
• 3.5Educational Devices: Conventional and Technology-BasedBraille · Abacus · Screen readers · Magnifiers · Assistive technology · Audio books

UNIT 4

Children with Visual Impairment with Additional Disabilities (VIAD)अतिरिक्त विकलांगता के साथ दृष्टिबाधिता (VIAD)

• 4.1Concept and Definition of VIAD ChildrenDeaf-blindness · Multiple disabilities · Legal and functional definitions
• 4.2Types of Additional Disabilities, Common Causes and SyndromesCHARGE syndrome · Usher syndrome · Rubella · Cerebral palsy with VI
• 4.3Characteristics of Children with VIAD / Deaf-blindnessCommunication modes · Sensory limitations · Behavioral characteristics
• 4.4Impact of Multisensory Impairment on Child DevelopmentLearning barriers · Social deprivation · Cognitive challenges
• 4.5Early Identification, Intervention and Its SignificanceScreening tools · RBSK programme · Early therapy approaches

UNIT 5

Management of Children with VIADVIAD बच्चों का प्रबंधन

• 5.1Assessment of Children with VIADFunctional vision · Hearing assessment · Ecological assessment frameworks
• 5.2 Teaching Strategies for Children with VIADHand-under-hand technique · Co-active movement · Individualized plans
• 5.3Communication Modes for VIAD ChildrenTactile signing · AAC devices · Object-based communication · Touch cues
• 5.4Architectural Modifications for Persons with VI and Locomotor DisordersRamps · Tactile paths · Accessible classroom design · Universal design
• 5.5Role of Multidisciplinary Team in Education of VIAD ChildrenSpecial educator · Ophthalmologist · Audiologist · Physiotherapist · Counsellor

· · · · ·

📋 Course at a Glance

Unit 1

Anatomy & Eye Diseases

Unit 2

Effects of Blindness

Unit 3

Educational Perspectives

Unit 4

VIAD — Concepts

Unit 5

VIAD — Management